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Preparing for RRB NTPC 2026? One topic that consistently appears in the General Science section is Human Nutrition (पोषण). If you want to score high, you must clearly understand the biochemical roles of Proteins and Minerals, along with their deficiency diseases.
In this article, we break down the complete concept of Nutrition, Protein functions, Mineral roles, and Malnutrition diseases in a simple and exam-focused way.
Watch the Full Lecture Here:
What is Nutrition? (पोषण क्या है?)
Nutrition is the process by which our body takes in food and utilizes it for:
- Energy production
- Growth & development
- Tissue repair
- Maintaining overall health
In exams, nutrition is divided into:
- Macronutrients: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats
- Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals
Protein Biology: Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are essential body-building nutrients made up of amino acids.
Key Functions of Proteins:
- Muscle growth and repair
- Formation of enzymes and hormones
- Structural support (Hair, skin, nails)
- Immune system strengthening
Important Structural Proteins:
- Keratin → Found in hair and nails
- Collagen → Provides strength to skin, bones, and tissues
Exam Tip:
Protein = Amino Acids + Peptide Bonds (VERY IMPORTANT MCQ POINT)
Minerals: The Silent Regulators of the Body
Minerals are inorganic elements required in small quantities but are crucial for body functions.
Important Minerals & Their Functions:
1. Calcium (Ca)
- Bone & teeth formation
- Muscle contraction
2. Phosphorus (P)
- Works with calcium for bones
- Energy metabolism (ATP)
3. Iron (Fe)
- Hemoglobin formation
- Oxygen transport in blood
4. Iodine (I)
- Thyroid hormone production
- Regulates metabolism
Iron & Blood Health (Very Important Topic)
Iron plays a key role in forming Hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.
Deficiency leads to:
- Anemia
- Weakness
- Fatigue
Exam Question Pattern:
"Iron deficiency causes?" → Answer: Anemia
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